Skip to content
Home Academy Tracking & TLEs The NORAD catalog (who assigns IDs)
LESSON 04 OF 6

The NORAD catalog (who assigns IDs)

Beginner ~7 min Slide deck Free

Every trackable object in Earth orbit is assigned a unique NORAD catalog number (also called a satellite catalog number or SATCAT ID).

Every trackable object in Earth orbit is assigned a unique NORAD catalog number (also called a satellite catalog number or SATCAT ID). This numbering system is maintained by the US Space Force's 18th Space Defense Squadron and is the backbone of global space situational awareness.

What this lesson covers

How cataloguing works

When a new object is detected by the Space Surveillance Network (SSN), it goes through a process before receiving a permanent catalog number.

The catalogue today

The gap between active entries and highest ID reflects objects that have re-entered. Their catalogue numbers are retired, not reused — each is unique forever.

COSPAR ID (international designator)

Alongside the NORAD number, each object also gets a COSPAR ID that encodes when and what launched it.

Where to look up catalogue data

Several sources provide access to the NORAD catalogue — and Orbital Radar uses them to populate what you see.

Key facts

💡Not every detected object gets catalogued. Small debris below ~10 cm typically can't be tracked reliably enough for catalogue entry.
NORAD catalog numbers are the universal identifiers for objects in orbit. COSPAR IDs encode the launch context.

Together, these two numbering systems let anyone — from military operators to amateur trackers — unambiguously identify any object. When you click a satellite on Orbital Radar, these are the IDs linking it to all known data.

All lessons in Tracking & TLEs
01What a TLE really is~8 min02Epochs, drag & decay~7 min03Propagation vs "accuracy"~8 min04The NORAD catalog (who assigns IDs)~7 min05Data sources (Space-Track, CelesTrak)~7 min06Reading a TLE line by line~8 min
← Propagation vs "accuracy"All 6 LessonsData sources (Space-Track, CelesTrak) →
🪐Support Us