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🛰️ SATELLITE · HISTORICAL RECORD

Small Probe 2

Re-entered 8 Aug 1978

Small Probe 2 (NORAD 12105, COSPAR 1978-078F) was a US satellite that re-entered Earth's atmosphere on 8 Aug 1978, launched on 8 Aug 1978 on the Pioneer Venus Multiprobe mission. It was operated by ARC as part of the Pioneer Venus programme. The spacecraft was built by HSES on the PV Small Probe bus, with a mass of 90 kg. Like most satellites in low orbits, it was gradually slowed by atmospheric drag until re-entry. Historical record from Orbital Radar's satellite archive, cross-referenced with the live satellite catalogue.

1978
launched
1978
re-entered
0
years on orbit
90
kg mass

Lifecycle

Launched8 Aug 1978 · on the Pioneer Venus Multiprobe mission
Operational9 Dec 1978 · entered service
Retired9 Dec 1978 · end of operational service
Re-entered8 Aug 1978 · atmospheric re-entry — object destroyed

Specifications

NORAD ID12105
COSPAR1978-078F
TypeSatellite
OperatorARC
Country / StateUS
ManufacturerHSES
BusPV Small Probe
Mass90 kg
ProgrammePioneer Venus
CategoryPLAN
OrbitHEO (EEO)
Altitude170 × -106,700 km
Inclination28.6°

Frequently asked questions

What happened to Small Probe 2?

Small Probe 2 re-entered Earth's atmosphere on 8 Aug 1978, ending a mission that began with its launch in 1978. Objects in low orbits are gradually slowed by atmospheric drag until they fall back and burn up on re-entry.

When did Small Probe 2 re-enter the atmosphere?

Small Probe 2 re-entered on 8 Aug 1978, according to Orbital Radar's historical catalogue records.

Who operated and built Small Probe 2?

Small Probe 2 was operated by ARC and built by HSES (US).

Launched together

Pioneer Venus 2Re-entered 1978Large ProbeRe-entered 1978Small Probe 1Re-entered 1978Small Probe 3Re-entered 1978
Historical record from the Orbital Radar satellite archive. Sources & methodology: data sources. Accessed 2026-09-06.