ORBITAL RADAR

Space Suits: Every EVA and Launch Suit

Every spacesuit humans have worn in space, from Yuri Gagarin's SK-1 in 1961 to the suits being built for the next Moon landings. What each suit is called, what it weighs, how long it lasts and where it is used, starting with the suits in service in 2026.

Last updated: · Published: · Space Library
503
Spacewalks
Live since 18 Mar 1965
12
In 2026
8 EMU · 3 Feitian · 1 Orlan
5 Nov
Last spacewalk
2026 · ISS · 6h 59m
9
Suits in service
spacewalk and launch suits
33
Suits ever flown
since Gagarin's SK-1, 1961

Spacewalks Right Now

Every spacewalk is logged automatically. The full record since 1965, with counts by suit, station and year, is on the spacewalk tracker.

Last spacewalkUpdates itself
5 November 2026
Anil Menon and Joshua Kutryk

The 12th spacewalk of 2026 and the 286th at the International Space Station (US spacewalk 101).

Suits in Service

9 suits

The suits in use now: three for spacewalks at the two stations, SpaceX's commercial spacewalk suit, and five worn inside the spacecraft for launch and landing.

Spacewalk counts update themselves after every spacewalk. Launch suits show their latest and next flights from the launch schedule.

Suits Coming Next

4 suits

The suits being built for the Moon and for the stations that follow the ISS.

Every Spacesuit Ever Flown

33 suits

From Yuri Gagarin's SK-1 in 1961 to the orange Orion suit in 2026: every suit worn in space, with what it weighs, who made it and what it did. Sort, filter or compare any two on the full list.

1960197019801990200020102020SK-1, 1961Mercury pressure suit, 1961A/P22S-2 full-pressure suit (X-15), 1962SK-2, 1963Berkut, 1965Gemini G3C, 1965Gemini G4C, 1965Gemini G5C, 1965Apollo A7L, 1968Yastreb, 1969Apollo A7LB, 1971Sokol-K, 1973Orlan-D, 1977Sokol-KV2, 1980Shuttle Ejection Escape Suit, 1981Extravehicular Mobility Unit (EMU), 1983Orlan-DM, 1985Launch Entry Suit (LES), 1988Orlan-DMA, 1988Advanced Crew Escape Suit (ACES), 1994Orlan-M, 1997Shenzhou intravehicular suit, 2003Feitian (first generation), 2008Haiying (Orlan-M), 2008Orlan-MK, 2009Orlan-MKS, 2017SpaceX IVA suit (Crew Dragon), 2020Feitian (second generation), 2021Blue Origin New Shepard flight suit, 2021Virgin Galactic Under Armour spacewear, 2021Boeing Starliner suit (Boeing Blue), 2024SpaceX EVA suit, 2024Orion Crew Survival System (OCSS), 2026SK-1Apollo A7LNASA EMUFeitianOrion suit
  • Launch and entry
  • Spacewalk
  • Moon surface
  • Unpressurised flight suit

Historic Suits

2 profiles

The pioneering suits of the Apollo era and before. The Apollo A7L carried twelve astronauts across the Moon between 1969 and 1972, and its lessons on dust, mobility and cooling shape the suits now being built for Artemis, such as the AxEMU.

Comparison & Reference

2 pages

The main suits side by side: type, mass, operating pressure, endurance and status. Plus how a spacesuit actually works: the layers, the life-support backpack and the water-cooled undersuit that keep an astronaut alive in a vacuum.

Related Missions

2 pages

The missions that shaped spacesuit history, from Polaris Dawn, the first commercial spacewalk, to the privately funded Polaris programme it belongs to.

Commercial Space Stations

The private stations planned to follow the ISS will need spacewalk suits of their own. Axiom's AxEMU is being built for both the Artemis programme and low Earth orbit, including Axiom's own station.

Frequently Asked Questions

There is no single name. NASA's spacewalk suit is officially the Extravehicular Mobility Unit (EMU); Russia's is the Orlan and China's the Feitian. Suits worn inside the spacecraft for launch and landing have their own names: Russia's Sokol, the SpaceX suit on Crew Dragon and the Orion Crew Survival System on Artemis. Engineers group them as EVA (spacewalk) suits and IVA (launch and entry) suits.
The main suits flown in space are: Russia's SK-1, Berkut, Yastreb, Sokol and Orlan; NASA's Mercury suit, Gemini G4C, Apollo A7L and A7LB, the Shuttle-era launch suits (LES and ACES) and the EMU; China's Shenzhou launch suit and Feitian; the two SpaceX suits; Boeing's Starliner suit; and the Orion Crew Survival System. In development: Axiom's AxEMU and China's Wangyu lunar suit. Our comparison table sets the main ones side by side.
There are three main types. Launch and entry suits (IVA suits), such as the SpaceX suit, Sokol and Orion's orange suit, protect the crew if the cabin loses pressure. Spacewalk suits (EVA suits), such as NASA's EMU, Russia's Orlan and China's Feitian, are small spacecraft with their own oxygen, cooling and power. Planetary surface suits, from Apollo's A7L to the AxEMU, add the mobility needed to walk, kneel and work in dust.
It depends on the type. NASA's ISS spacewalk suit, the EMU, weighs about 145 kg (319 lb) on Earth with its life-support backpack and rescue jetpack; Russia's Orlan-MKS is about 110 kg and China's Feitian about 120 kg. The Apollo Moon suit weighed about 83 kg with its backpack (Apollo 11). Launch and entry suits are far lighter: Boeing's Starliner suit is about 9 kg (20 lb) and Russia's Sokol about 10 kg. In orbit the suits feel weightless, but their mass still has to be moved.
No current suit has a public price. NASA's Inspector General estimated in 2017 that building a new EMU could cost as much as $250 million per unit, and NASA spent about $420 million developing its own next-generation suit before switching to buying suits as a service. Axiom Space's first Artemis order is worth $228.5 million for design, testing and suits. SpaceX has never published the cost of its suits.
That figure is decades old. The "$12 million spacesuit" comes from reference books from around 2000 and has no current NASA source. Real costs today are far higher: NASA's Inspector General put a newly built EMU at up to $250 million, and NASA now pays companies for spacewalk services rather than buying individual suits.
On a spacewalk, about seven to nine hours. NASA plans most ISS spacewalks at around six and a half hours, the EMU has supported spacewalks of 8 hours 56 minutes, and China's Feitian suits were used for a spacewalk of about nine hours in December 2024. Every EMU also carries an emergency oxygen pack with about 30 minutes of supply. Launch suits work differently: Orion's suit can keep a crew alive for up to six days in a depressurised cabin, using air from the spacecraft.
You can drink, but on today's spacewalks you cannot eat. NASA's EMU carries a drink bag holding about 21 ounces (0.6 litres) of water inside the chest, sipped through a tube. Apollo moonwalkers had a food stick in the helmet from Apollo 15, but the Shuttle-era fruit bar was dropped and today's spacewalk suits carry no food. Orion's launch suit has a helmet port for drinks, which the Artemis II crew tested in flight in April 2026.
Yes. For a spacewalk, astronauts wear an absorbent undergarment (a modified adult nappy), then a one-piece liquid cooling and ventilation garment: stretchy mesh threaded with water tubes that carry away body heat. A "Snoopy cap" holds the headset, and sensors send heart data to flight surgeons. Many add their own underwear, socks or long johns for comfort. Orion's launch suit is worn over a liquid cooling garment too. More on how spacesuits work.
For spacewalks, NASA still uses the Extravehicular Mobility Unit (EMU), in service since 1983 and upgraded for the ISS. For launch and landing, NASA crews wear the SpaceX suit on Crew Dragon and the orange Orion Crew Survival System on Artemis. NASA's next spacewalk suit, Axiom's AxEMU, is planned for its first test in space in 2027.
NASA's Inspector General reported that 11 of the original 18 EMU life-support backpacks remain, with about four kept on the ISS at a time; the rest are on the ground for maintenance and training. Parts are swapped between suits to keep them flying, and a 2025 report warned that some critical parts have no spares.
The newest suit to fly is the orange Orion Crew Survival System, worn by the Artemis II crew in April 2026. The newest spacewalk suits are SpaceX's EVA suit (2024) and the new-generation Feitian (2021). Coming next: Axiom's AxEMU, with a first test in space planned for 2027, and China's Wangyu lunar suit.
To reflect sunlight. In direct sunlight in orbit a suit's surface can reach about 121°C (250°F), while in shadow it can drop to −157°C (−250°F). White reflects most of the sunlight, which keeps the suit and the astronaut at a survivable temperature; the cooling garment does the rest. NASA's EMU, the Apollo suits and the Axiom AxEMU are all white.
Not a real one. Flight spacesuits belong to space agencies or the companies that build them and are not sold. Replicas for display or costume cost from a few hundred to several thousand dollars, and genuine training gear occasionally appears at specialist auctions.
A few favourites: spacewalkers say space smells like seared steak or welding fumes when they come back inside; Alexei Leonov had to let air out of his suit to squeeze back into his spacecraft after the first spacewalk in 1965; the Apollo suits were sewn at ILC, a company that grew out of the maker of Playtex underwear; and in 2006 the ISS crew released an old Orlan suit fitted with a radio as a satellite, SuitSat-1. More on the history of spacesuits.

Explore More