HJ-2F

HJ-2F is an active satellite operated by China, launched on 2023-08-08 from Taiyuan, China. It orbits in Low Earth Orbit (LEO) at altitudes between 492 km and 505 km with an inclination of 97.4°. It travels at approximately 27,423 km/h (7.62 km/s), completing one full orbit every 95 minutes — that’s roughly 15.22 orbits per day. Its near-polar, sun-synchronous orbit means it passes over any given point on Earth at approximately the same local solar time, ideal for consistent Earth observation lighting conditions. Its near-circular orbit (eccentricity close to zero) means it maintains a very consistent altitude throughout each revolution. At its current altitude, the estimated orbital lifetime before atmospheric re-entry is ~1–3 years. Orbital Radar tracks HJ-2F in real time using the latest two-line element set (TLE) data, providing live position, altitude, speed and orbital path updated continuously.

HJ-2F orbits at an average altitude of 499 km in a sun-synchronous orbit (SSO), a specialised subset of LEO where the orbital plane precesses to maintain a constant angle relative to the Sun. This provides consistent lighting conditions on every pass — essential for Earth observation, weather monitoring and environmental science. Within ±50 km of HJ-2F’s average altitude, there are currently 9,156 active payloads and 240 tracked debris or rocket body fragments — notable neighbours include STARLINK-1017, STARLINK-1039, STARLINK-1047. This makes it one of the more crowded altitude bands, containing roughly 52.6% of all active satellites. With an inclination of 97.4°, HJ-2F passes over latitudes between 97.4°N and 97.4°S, providing near-global coverage including the polar regions. Polar and near-polar orbits are used for reconnaissance, weather monitoring and Earth-observation missions that need to image every part of the planet. China operates approximately 1,219 active satellites in total, of which 193 share a similar altitude band with HJ-2F.