Molniya-2 No. 12L

Re-entered 22 Mar 1977

Molniya-2 No. 12L (NORAD 6031, COSPAR 1972-037A) was a SU satellite that re-entered Earth's atmosphere on 22 Mar 1977, launched on 19 May 1972 on the Molniya-2 mission. It was operated by GUKOSR as part of the Molniya-2 programme. The spacecraft was built by OKB10 on the Molniya-2 bus, with a mass of 1,650 kg. Like most satellites in low orbits, it was gradually slowed by atmospheric drag until re-entry. Historical record from Orbital Radar's satellite archive, cross-referenced with the live satellite catalogue.

1972

launched

1977

re-entered

years on orbit

1,650

kg mass

Lifecycle

Launched19 May 1972 · on the Molniya-2 mission

Operational15 Mar 1973 · entered service

Retired15 Mar 1973 · end of operational service

Re-entered22 Mar 1977 · atmospheric re-entry — object destroyed

Specifications

NORAD ID6031

COSPAR1972-037A

TypeSatellite

OperatorGUKOSR

Country / StateSU

ManufacturerOKB10

BusMolniya-2

Mass1,650 kg (1,620 kg dry)

ProgrammeMolniya-2

CategoryCOM

OrbitHEO (GTO)

Altitude413 × 40,061 km

Inclination65.5°

Frequently asked questions

What happened to Molniya-2 No. 12L?

Molniya-2 No. 12L re-entered Earth's atmosphere on 22 Mar 1977, ending a mission that began with its launch in 1972. Objects in low orbits are gradually slowed by atmospheric drag until they fall back and burn up on re-entry.

When did Molniya-2 No. 12L re-enter the atmosphere?

Molniya-2 No. 12L re-entered on 22 Mar 1977, according to Orbital Radar's historical catalogue records.

Who operated and built Molniya-2 No. 12L?

Molniya-2 No. 12L was operated by GUKOSR and built by OKB10 (SU).

Historical record from the Orbital Radar satellite archive. Sources & methodology: data sources. Accessed 2026-09-06.

Browse the live satellite directory → Re-entered satellites archive → Launch record: Molniya-2 → What is space debris? →