NAOS

NAOS is an active satellite operated by Luxembourg, launched on 2025-08-26 from Vandenberg SFB, California. As a relatively recent addition to the catalogue, its orbital elements are well-characterised. It orbits in Low Earth Orbit (LEO) at altitudes between 450 km and 451 km with an inclination of 97.2°. It travels at approximately 27,519 km/h (7.64 km/s), completing one full orbit every 94 minutes — that’s roughly 15.39 orbits per day. Its near-polar, sun-synchronous orbit means it passes over any given point on Earth at approximately the same local solar time, ideal for consistent Earth observation lighting conditions. Its near-circular orbit (eccentricity close to zero) means it maintains a very consistent altitude throughout each revolution. At its current altitude, the estimated orbital lifetime before atmospheric re-entry is ~1–3 years. Orbital Radar tracks NAOS in real time using the latest two-line element set (TLE) data, providing live position, altitude, speed and orbital path updated continuously.

NAOS orbits at an average altitude of 451 km in a sun-synchronous orbit (SSO), a specialised subset of LEO where the orbital plane precesses to maintain a constant angle relative to the Sun. This provides consistent lighting conditions on every pass — essential for Earth observation, weather monitoring and environmental science. Within ±50 km of NAOS’s average altitude, there are currently 7,725 active payloads and 165 tracked debris or rocket body fragments — notable neighbours include STARLINK-1008, STARLINK-1012, STARLINK-1017. This makes it one of the more crowded altitude bands, containing roughly 44.4% of all active satellites. With an inclination of 97.2°, NAOS passes over latitudes between 97.2°N and 97.2°S, providing near-global coverage including the polar regions. Polar and near-polar orbits are used for reconnaissance, weather monitoring and Earth-observation missions that need to image every part of the planet. Luxembourg operates approximately 12 active satellites in total, of which 5 share a similar altitude band with NAOS.