BESSA

BESSA is an active satellite operated by Portugal, launched on 2026-03-30 from Vandenberg SFB, California. As a relatively recent addition to the catalogue, its orbital elements are well-characterised. It orbits in Low Earth Orbit (LEO) at altitudes between 503 km and 519 km with an inclination of 97.5°. It travels at approximately 27,398 km/h (7.61 km/s), completing one full orbit every 95 minutes — that’s roughly 15.18 orbits per day. Its near-polar, sun-synchronous orbit means it passes over any given point on Earth at approximately the same local solar time, ideal for consistent Earth observation lighting conditions. At its current altitude, the estimated orbital lifetime before atmospheric re-entry is ~3–10 years. Orbital Radar tracks BESSA in real time using the latest two-line element set (TLE) data, providing live position, altitude, speed and orbital path updated continuously.

BESSA orbits at an average altitude of 511 km in a sun-synchronous orbit (SSO), a specialised subset of LEO where the orbital plane precesses to maintain a constant angle relative to the Sun. This provides consistent lighting conditions on every pass — essential for Earth observation, weather monitoring and environmental science. Within ±50 km of BESSA’s average altitude, there are currently 9,533 active payloads and 269 tracked debris or rocket body fragments — notable neighbours include STARLINK-1017, STARLINK-1039, STARLINK-1047. This makes it one of the more crowded altitude bands, containing roughly 54.7% of all active satellites. With an inclination of 97.5°, BESSA passes over latitudes between 97.5°N and 97.5°S, providing near-global coverage including the polar regions. Polar and near-polar orbits are used for reconnaissance, weather monitoring and Earth-observation missions that need to image every part of the planet. Portugal operates approximately 7 active satellites in total, of which 4 share a similar altitude band with BESSA.