LANDSAT 7

LANDSAT 7 is an active satellite operated by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)/US Geological Survey (United States), launched on 1999-04-15 from Vandenberg SFB, California. With over 27 years in orbit, it has far exceeded many satellites’ design lifetimes. It orbits in Low Earth Orbit (LEO) at altitudes between 679 km and 682 km with an inclination of 97.9°. It travels at approximately 27,066 km/h (7.52 km/s), completing one full orbit every 98 minutes — that’s roughly 14.64 orbits per day. Its near-polar, sun-synchronous orbit means it passes over any given point on Earth at approximately the same local solar time, ideal for consistent Earth observation lighting conditions. Its near-circular orbit (eccentricity close to zero) means it maintains a very consistent altitude throughout each revolution. At its current altitude, the estimated orbital lifetime before atmospheric re-entry is ~10–25 years. Orbital Radar tracks LANDSAT 7 in real time using the latest two-line element set (TLE) data, providing live position, altitude, speed and orbital path updated continuously.

LANDSAT 7 orbits at an average altitude of 681 km in a sun-synchronous orbit (SSO), a specialised subset of LEO where the orbital plane precesses to maintain a constant angle relative to the Sun. This provides consistent lighting conditions on every pass — essential for Earth observation, weather monitoring and environmental science. Within ±50 km of LANDSAT 7’s average altitude, there are currently 321 active payloads and 1,273 tracked debris or rocket body fragments — notable neighbours include TERRA, AQUA, LANDSAT 9. With an inclination of 97.9°, LANDSAT 7 passes over latitudes between 97.9°N and 97.9°S, providing near-global coverage including the polar regions. Polar and near-polar orbits are used for reconnaissance, weather monitoring and Earth-observation missions that need to image every part of the planet. United States operates approximately 12,339 active satellites in total, of which 70 share a similar altitude band with LANDSAT 7.