ESEO

ESEO is an active satellite operated by European University Network (ESA (European Space Agency)), launched on 2018-12-03 from Vandenberg SFB, California. It orbits in Low Earth Orbit (LEO) at altitudes between 546 km and 561 km with an inclination of 97.4°. It travels at approximately 27,313 km/h (7.59 km/s), completing one full orbit every 96 minutes — that’s roughly 15.04 orbits per day. Its near-polar, sun-synchronous orbit means it passes over any given point on Earth at approximately the same local solar time, ideal for consistent Earth observation lighting conditions. At its current altitude, the estimated orbital lifetime before atmospheric re-entry is ~3–10 years. Orbital Radar tracks ESEO in real time using the latest two-line element set (TLE) data, providing live position, altitude, speed and orbital path updated continuously.

ESEO orbits at an average altitude of 554 km in a sun-synchronous orbit (SSO), a specialised subset of LEO where the orbital plane precesses to maintain a constant angle relative to the Sun. This provides consistent lighting conditions on every pass — essential for Earth observation, weather monitoring and environmental science. Within ±50 km of ESEO’s average altitude, there are currently 3,381 active payloads and 375 tracked debris or rocket body fragments — notable neighbours include STARLINK-1184, STARLINK-1276, ONEWEB-0050. This makes it one of the more crowded altitude bands, containing roughly 19.4% of all active satellites. With an inclination of 97.4°, ESEO passes over latitudes between 97.4°N and 97.4°S, providing near-global coverage including the polar regions. Polar and near-polar orbits are used for reconnaissance, weather monitoring and Earth-observation missions that need to image every part of the planet. ESA (European Space Agency) operates approximately 93 active satellites in total, of which 8 share a similar altitude band with ESEO.