Overview
JAXA (Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency) operates a diverse fleet of approximately 200 satellites. Japan is known for technologically sophisticated missions across navigation, Earth observation, communications, and deep-space exploration.
Key Programmes
QZSS (Quasi-Zenith Satellite System): A regional satellite navigation system that augments GPS over Japan and the Asia-Pacific region. Currently 5 satellites (expanding to 7), using a mix of quasi-zenith (highly inclined geosynchronous) and GEO orbits.
ALOS (Advanced Land Observing Satellite): Earth observation using optical and L-band SAR imagery. ALOS-4 launched in 2024.
Himawari: GEO weather satellites operated by the Japan Meteorological Agency.
ADRAS-J (Astroscale): Japan is at the forefront of active debris removal — the ADRAS-J mission, launched in 2024, successfully demonstrated close-proximity operations with a spent rocket stage.
Launch Capability
Japan's primary launch vehicle is H3, developed by JAXA and Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, which completed its maiden operational flight in 2024. The Epsilon solid-fuel rocket provides smaller payload access. Japan launched approximately 3 orbital missions in 2025 from the Tanegashima Space Center. See the Launch Schedule for upcoming Japanese missions.