MOLNIYA 1-53

MOLNIYA 1-53 is an active satellite operated by GUKOS (Russia (CIS)), launched on 1982-02-26 from Plesetsk Cosmodrome, Russia on the Molniya-1 launch. With over 44 years in orbit, it has far exceeded many satellites’ design lifetimes. It orbits in Medium Earth Orbit (MEO) at altitudes between 1,234 km and 39,072 km with an inclination of 64.0°. It travels at approximately 13,956 km/h (3.88 km/s), completing one full orbit every 11 hours 57 minutes — that’s roughly 2.01 orbits per day. Its orbital eccentricity of 0.7133 gives it a noticeably elliptical path, with significant altitude variation between perigee and apogee. Orbital Radar tracks MOLNIYA 1-53 in real time using the latest two-line element set (TLE) data, providing live position, altitude, speed and orbital path updated continuously.

MOLNIYA 1-53 orbits at an average altitude of 20,153 km in Medium Earth Orbit, the region between LEO and GEO (2,000–35,786 km). MEO’s higher altitude gives each satellite a much larger ground footprint than LEO, meaning fewer spacecraft are needed for global coverage — but signal latency is higher and radiation from the Van Allen belts is a significant design constraint. Within ±50 km of MOLNIYA 1-53’s average altitude, there are currently 101 active payloads and 13 tracked debris or rocket body fragments. With an inclination of 64.0°, MOLNIYA 1-53 passes over latitudes between 64.0°N and 64.0°S, covering most populated land masses in both hemispheres. This mid-inclination band balances global coverage with efficient launch energy requirements. Russia (CIS) operates approximately 1,547 active satellites in total, of which 54 share a similar altitude band with MOLNIYA 1-53.