CZ-3 DEB

CZ-3 DEB is a tracked piece of space debris attributed to China, launched on 1986-02-01 from Xichang Satellite Launch Center, China on the DFH-2 launch. With over 40 years in orbit, it has far exceeded many satellites’ design lifetimes. It orbits in Medium Earth Orbit (MEO) at altitudes between 397 km and 25,850 km with an inclination of 30.5°. It travels at approximately 16,279 km/h (4.52 km/s), completing one full orbit every 7 hours 32 minutes — that’s roughly 3.19 orbits per day. Its orbital eccentricity of 0.6528 gives it a noticeably elliptical path, with significant altitude variation between perigee and apogee. As orbital debris, CZ-3 DEB poses a potential collision risk to operational satellites in nearby orbits and is continuously monitored by the U.S. Space Surveillance Network and other tracking systems.

CZ-3 DEB orbits at an average altitude of 13,124 km in Medium Earth Orbit, the region between LEO and GEO (2,000–35,786 km). MEO’s higher altitude gives each satellite a much larger ground footprint than LEO, meaning fewer spacecraft are needed for global coverage — but signal latency is higher and radiation from the Van Allen belts is a significant design constraint. Within ±50 km of CZ-3 DEB’s average altitude, there are currently 1 active payload and 4 tracked debris or rocket body fragments. This is a relatively sparse altitude band, containing less than 1% of all active satellites. With an inclination of 30.5°, CZ-3 DEB passes over latitudes between 30.5°N and 30.5°S, covering the tropical and temperate zones where most of the world’s population resides. Low-to-mid inclination orbits are efficient to reach from equatorial and mid-latitude launch sites. China operates approximately 1,340 active satellites in total.