COSMOS 1823 DEB

COSMOS 1823 DEB is a tracked piece of space debris attributed to Russia (CIS), launched on 1987-02-20 from PKMTR. With over 39 years in orbit, it has far exceeded many satellites’ design lifetimes. It orbits in Low Earth Orbit (LEO) at altitudes between 1,446 km and 1,649 km with an inclination of 74.0°. It travels at approximately 25,542 km/h (7.09 km/s), completing one full orbit every 117 minutes — that’s roughly 12.30 orbits per day. At its current altitude, the estimated orbital lifetime before atmospheric re-entry is thousands of years. As orbital debris, COSMOS 1823 DEB poses a potential collision risk to operational satellites in nearby orbits and is continuously monitored by the U.S. Space Surveillance Network and other tracking systems.

COSMOS 1823 DEB orbits at an average altitude of 1,548 km in the uppermost reaches of Low Earth Orbit. At this altitude, orbital decay is effectively zero without active deorbiting, and coverage footprints are significantly larger than lower LEO, though at the cost of higher latency. Within ±50 km of COSMOS 1823 DEB’s average altitude, there are currently 52 active payloads and 252 tracked debris or rocket body fragments. This is a relatively sparse altitude band, containing less than 1% of all active satellites. With an inclination of 74.0°, COSMOS 1823 DEB passes over latitudes between 74.0°N and 74.0°S, covering most populated land masses in both hemispheres. This mid-inclination band balances global coverage with efficient launch energy requirements. Russia (CIS) operates approximately 1,286 active satellites in total, of which 39 share a similar altitude band with COSMOS 1823 DEB.