CZ-3B DEB

CZ-3B DEB is a tracked piece of space debris attributed to China, launched on 2011-12-19 from Xichang, China on the Nigcomsat 1R launch. After 15 years in orbit, it continues to be tracked by global surveillance networks. It orbits in Medium Earth Orbit (MEO) at altitudes between 437 km and 38,707 km with an inclination of 21.8°. It travels at approximately 14,111 km/h (3.92 km/s), completing one full orbit every 11 hours 33 minutes — that’s roughly 2.08 orbits per day. Its orbital eccentricity of 0.7376 gives it a noticeably elliptical path, with significant altitude variation between perigee and apogee. As orbital debris, CZ-3B DEB poses a potential collision risk to operational satellites in nearby orbits and is continuously monitored by the U.S. Space Surveillance Network and other tracking systems.

CZ-3B DEB orbits at an average altitude of 19,572 km in Medium Earth Orbit, the region between LEO and GEO (2,000–35,786 km). MEO’s higher altitude gives each satellite a much larger ground footprint than LEO, meaning fewer spacecraft are needed for global coverage — but signal latency is higher and radiation from the Van Allen belts is a significant design constraint. Within ±50 km of CZ-3B DEB’s average altitude, there are currently 0 active payloads and 13 tracked debris or rocket body fragments. This is a relatively sparse altitude band, containing less than 1% of all active satellites. With an inclination of 21.8°, CZ-3B DEB passes over latitudes between 21.8°N and 21.8°S, covering the tropical and temperate zones where most of the world’s population resides. Low-to-mid inclination orbits are efficient to reach from equatorial and mid-latitude launch sites. China operates approximately 1,217 active satellites in total.