CSC-1

CSC-1 is an active satellite operated by ISIS BV (Netherlands), launched on 2023-10-09 from Guiana Space Centre, French Guiana on the THEOS-2/TRITON launch. It orbits in Low Earth Orbit (LEO) at altitudes between 525 km and 538 km with an inclination of 97.5°. It travels at approximately 27,357 km/h (7.60 km/s), completing one full orbit every 95 minutes — that’s roughly 15.12 orbits per day. Its near-polar, sun-synchronous orbit means it passes over any given point on Earth at approximately the same local solar time, ideal for consistent Earth observation lighting conditions. Its near-circular orbit (eccentricity close to zero) means it maintains a very consistent altitude throughout each revolution. At its current altitude, the estimated orbital lifetime before atmospheric re-entry is ~3–10 years. Orbital Radar tracks CSC-1 in real time using the latest two-line element set (TLE) data, providing live position, altitude, speed and orbital path updated continuously.

CSC-1 orbits at an average altitude of 532 km in a sun-synchronous orbit (SSO), a specialised subset of LEO where the orbital plane precesses to maintain a constant angle relative to the Sun. This provides consistent lighting conditions on every pass — essential for Earth observation, weather monitoring and environmental science. Within ±50 km of CSC-1’s average altitude, there are currently 4,607 active payloads and 335 tracked debris or rocket body fragments — notable neighbours include STARLINK-1184, STARLINK-1276, STARLINK-1451. This makes it one of the more crowded altitude bands, containing roughly 24.3% of all active satellites. With an inclination of 97.5°, CSC-1 passes over latitudes between 97.5°N and 97.5°S, providing near-global coverage including the polar regions. Polar and near-polar orbits are used for reconnaissance, weather monitoring and Earth-observation missions that need to image every part of the planet. Netherlands operates approximately 13 active satellites in total, of which 6 share a similar altitude band with CSC-1.