HAMMER

HAMMER is an active satellite operated by Open Cosmos (Spain), launched on 2024-03-04 from Vandenberg Space Force Base, United States on the Transporter-10 launch. It orbits in Low Earth Orbit (LEO) at altitudes between 393 km and 397 km with an inclination of 97.5°. It travels at approximately 27,632 km/h (7.68 km/s), completing one full orbit every 92 minutes — that’s roughly 15.58 orbits per day. Its near-polar, sun-synchronous orbit means it passes over any given point on Earth at approximately the same local solar time, ideal for consistent Earth observation lighting conditions. Its near-circular orbit (eccentricity close to zero) means it maintains a very consistent altitude throughout each revolution. At its current altitude, the estimated orbital lifetime before atmospheric re-entry is months to ~1 year. Orbital Radar tracks HAMMER in real time using the latest two-line element set (TLE) data, providing live position, altitude, speed and orbital path updated continuously.

HAMMER orbits at an average altitude of 395 km in a sun-synchronous orbit (SSO), a specialised subset of LEO where the orbital plane precesses to maintain a constant angle relative to the Sun. This provides consistent lighting conditions on every pass — essential for Earth observation, weather monitoring and environmental science. Within ±50 km of HAMMER’s average altitude, there are currently 1,247 active payloads and 83 tracked debris or rocket body fragments — notable neighbours include ISS (ZARYA), STARLINK-1008, STARLINK-1012. This makes it one of the more crowded altitude bands, containing roughly 6.7% of all active satellites. With an inclination of 97.5°, HAMMER passes over latitudes between 97.5°N and 97.5°S, providing near-global coverage including the polar regions. Polar and near-polar orbits are used for reconnaissance, weather monitoring and Earth-observation missions that need to image every part of the planet. Spain operates approximately 56 active satellites in total, of which 8 share a similar altitude band with HAMMER.