COSMOS 1285 DEB

COSMOS 1285 DEB is a tracked piece of space debris attributed to Russia (CIS), launched on 1981-08-04 from PKMTR. With over 45 years in orbit, it has far exceeded many satellites’ design lifetimes. It orbits in Medium Earth Orbit (MEO) at altitudes between 3,158 km and 37,687 km with an inclination of 67.2°. It travels at approximately 13,885 km/h (3.86 km/s), completing one full orbit every 12 hours 8 minutes — that’s roughly 1.98 orbits per day. Its orbital eccentricity of 0.6444 gives it a noticeably elliptical path, with significant altitude variation between perigee and apogee. As orbital debris, COSMOS 1285 DEB poses a potential collision risk to operational satellites in nearby orbits and is continuously monitored by the U.S. Space Surveillance Network and other tracking systems.

COSMOS 1285 DEB orbits at an average altitude of 20,423 km in Medium Earth Orbit, the region between LEO and GEO (2,000–35,786 km). MEO’s higher altitude gives each satellite a much larger ground footprint than LEO, meaning fewer spacecraft are needed for global coverage — but signal latency is higher and radiation from the Van Allen belts is a significant design constraint. Within ±50 km of COSMOS 1285 DEB’s average altitude, there are currently 2 active payloads and 12 tracked debris or rocket body fragments. This is a relatively sparse altitude band, containing less than 1% of all active satellites. With an inclination of 67.2°, COSMOS 1285 DEB passes over latitudes between 67.2°N and 67.2°S, covering most populated land masses in both hemispheres. This mid-inclination band balances global coverage with efficient launch energy requirements. Russia (CIS) operates approximately 1,286 active satellites in total.