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SUPARCO — Pakistan Space and Upper Atmosphere Research Commission

Pakistan's space agency — one of Asia's earliest, developing remote sensing and communications satellites with growing ambitions in Earth observation.

SUPARCO stands for the Space & Upper Atmosphere Research Commission — Pakistan's national space agency, founded in 1961 and headquartered in Karachi. One of Asia's oldest space programmes, it operates the PakSat communications and PRSS Earth-observation satellites, launched in close partnership with China.

Profile figures verified September 2026 · fleet and crew counts on this page update automatically from live tracking data.

Overview

🇵🇰
Pakistan
$0.045B
Budget (2025)
1961
Founded
—
Active Satellites

SUPARCO is Pakistan's national space agency, established in 1961 — making it one of the earliest space research organisations in Asia, predating ISRO and CNSA. Despite early promise, SUPARCO's progress has been constrained by limited funding and political instability. The agency operates a small fleet of communications and remote sensing satellites, mostly launched on Chinese vehicles.

Pakistan's space programme is focused on Earth observation for disaster management (critical in a flood-prone country), communications, and developing indigenous satellite technology. SUPARCO aims to build indigenous launch capability and expand its satellite fleet, though progress remains incremental.

Quick Facts

ParameterDetail
Full NamePakistan Space and Upper Atmosphere Research Commission
AbbreviationSUPARCO
CountryPakistan
HeadquartersKarachi, Pakistan
Founded1961
HeadChairman SUPARCO
Budget~$0.045B (2025)
Staff~3,000
Crewed CapabilityNo (astronauts fly on partner vehicles)
Websitewww.suparco.gov.pk

Key Programmes

PakSat Communications

PakSat-1R (GEO communications satellite) provides television broadcast and telecommunications services across South Asia.

Remote Sensing

PRSS-1 (Pakistan Remote Sensing Satellite-1) provides optical Earth observation imagery, built with Chinese assistance and launched from Jiuquan in 2018.

Satellite Manufacturing

Pakistan is developing indigenous satellite manufacturing capability for future missions.

Sounding Rockets

SUPARCO conducts atmospheric research with indigenous sounding rockets.

Timeline

1961
SUPARCO established — one of Asia's earliest space agencies
1962
First sounding rocket launched from Sonmiani
1990
Badr-1 — Pakistan's first satellite (launched by China)
2011
PakSat-1R GEO communications satellite launched
2018
PRSS-1 remote sensing satellite launched on Chinese Long March 2C
💡 Did You Know?
SUPARCO was established in 1961, just three years after NASA — making Pakistan one of the earliest countries in Asia to begin space research, predating both India's and China's space programmes.
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SUPARCO fleet — live snapshot

Satellites operated by Space & Upper Atmosphere Research Commission that are currently tracked in orbit, counted live from the catalogue and attributed by mission/programme — including veteran spacecraft still on orbit. Commercial constellations of the same nation are excluded — these are SUPARCO's own spacecraft. Figures update automatically.

7
Agency-operated satellites
live from the tracked catalogue
Mixed (LEO · GEO)
Primary orbit
Earth observation & communications
$0.045B
Annual budget
2025 fiscal year
#11
Rank by tracked fleet
of 14 flagship agencies
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SUPARCO at a glance

💰$0.045BAnnual budget · 2025
📅1961Founded
🏢KarachiHeadquarters
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SUPARCO fleet by orbit

7 operated
  • LEO 4 57%
  • GEO 3 43%
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SUPARCO head-to-head

How SUPARCO compares with the agencies it is most often measured against. Fleet figures are counted live from the tracked catalogue.

SUPARCO vs ISRO

🇵🇰 SUPARCO🇮🇳 ISRO
Tracked fleet (live)772
Annual budget$0.045B (2025)$1.9B (2025)
Founded19611969
Crewed spaceflightNo (partner vehicles)No (partner vehicles)
Flagship programmeEarth observation & communicationsNavIC navigation
HeadquartersKarachiBengaluru
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SUPARCO vs other space agencies

Agency Country Tracked fleet Flagship Budget Founded
🇨🇳 CNSA China 253 BeiDou navigation $14B 1993
🇷🇺 Roscosmos Russia 226 GLONASS navigation $3.6B 1992
🇮🇳 ISRO India 72 NavIC navigation $1.9B 1969
🇪🇺 ESA Europe (23 states) 47 Galileo navigation €7.8B 1975
🇮🇹 ASI Italy 39 COSMO-SkyMed €1.5B 1988
🇺🇸 NASA United States 37 — $25.4B 1958
🇯🇵 JAXA Japan 18 QZSS (Michibiki) $3.2B 2003
🇰🇷 KASA South Korea 14 KOMPSAT (Arirang) $0.7B 2024
🇧🇷 AEB Brazil 9 — $0.12B 1994
🇫🇷 CNES France 7 — €3.3B 1961
🇵🇰 SUPARCO you are here Pakistan 7 — $0.045B 1961
🇨🇦 CSA Canada 5 RADARSAT C$0.43B 1989
🇬🇧 UKSA United Kingdom 4 — £0.83B 2010
🇩🇪 DLR Germany 2 — €2.6B 1969

Tap a column to sort · "≈" marks an approximate fleet pending live catalogue confirmation · counts are agency-operated spacecraft tracked in orbit (veteran satellites included, commercial constellations excluded) · figures verified September 2026, updated daily.

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SUPARCO — frequently asked questions

What does SUPARCO stand for?

SUPARCO stands for the Space & Upper Atmosphere Research Commission — Pakistan's national space agency. It began in 1961 as a space sciences research committee established under Nobel laureate Abdus Salam, making it one of the oldest space programmes in Asia, and is headquartered in Karachi.

What is the name of Pakistan's space agency?

Pakistan's space agency is SUPARCO (the Space & Upper Atmosphere Research Commission), founded in 1961. Its satellites — including the PakSat communications satellites and the PRSS-1 Earth-observation satellite — are launched with Chinese partnership on Long March rockets.

Does Pakistan have satellites in space?

Yes. Pakistan operates communications satellites (PakSat-1R and PakSat-MM1), the PRSS-1 remote-sensing satellite and technology demonstrators, with the tracked count on this page updated live. Pakistan's iCube-Qamar cubesat also flew to lunar orbit aboard China's Chang'e 6 mission in 2024.

What is SUPARCO's Vision 2047?

Vision 2047 is Pakistan's long-term space roadmap, named for the centenary of independence — expanding domestic satellite manufacturing, remote sensing and communications capability, and deepening cooperation with China's space programme, including participation in the International Lunar Research Station.

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Explore SUPARCO on Orbital Radar

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