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SPHEREx Live Tracker

NASA's SPHEREx, launched 11 March 2025 on a SpaceX Falcon 9 from Vandenberg. The first space telescope to spectrally map the entire sky in 102 near-infrared bands, cataloguing the chemistry of the early universe and probing biogenic ices in the molecular clouds where new stars form. Now working through its third all-sky pass from a sun-synchronous polar orbit at 650 km.

Operational · 1y in orbit NORAD 63182 COSPAR 2025-042A Type Payload Operator NASA / JPL / Caltech
Live Tracker · Real-time Position
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Sub-satellite pointwhere SPHEREx is over Earth
SPHEREx 5.92°N · 141.75°E 90°N 90°S 180°
Live
Sub-satellite point
Trail
Ground track, current orbit
Trace
Recent positions fading
Orbital positionon SPHEREx's 98-min polar orbit
SUN N S SPHEREx 654 km alt SUN-SYNC POLAR 97.9° inclination 98-minute period 14.7 orbits per day Equator crossing at fixed local time · always same Sun angle
📍
Currently Passing Over
the Indian Ocean
about 120 km from Eauripik, Micronesia · directly above at 5.92°N, 141.75°E
Ground-track heading
South-southwest · 6.95 km/s subpoint
Latitude
5.92°N
Longitude
141.75°E
Altitude
647km
Distance
654km
Speed
7.54km/s
Phase
Descending
Next Equator
1m 37s
Orbits/Day
14.7
Survey Progress
SPHEREx all-sky coverage map showing progress across the second survey ECLIPTIC SECOND ALL-SKY SURVEY 68% complete · ~46 days remaining Survey 2 of 4
Latest From SPHEREx · Updated 20 September 2026

All-Sky Survey Progress: Second Survey Now 68% Complete

SPHEREx is now well into its third all-sky pass, having completed its first full sky map in October 2025 and its second in the spring of 2026. Each 6.5-month survey covers every point in the sky in all 102 near-infrared bands, and the project targets four surveys during the primary mission for a full 3D spectral map of the local universe.

View full release →
Updates as new sky is observed · ~13% coverage added per week
The Mission

The First Spectral Map of the Entire Sky

SPHEREx is NASA's first mission to spectrally map the entire sky, not just image it. Where JWST stares deep at one target at a time, SPHEREx scans every point of the sky in 102 near-infrared bands, then does it three more times over two years, catching everything that moves or brightens along the way.

Launched
Falcon 9 · Vandenberg SLC-4E
Spectral Bands
102
0.75, 5 micrometres (near-IR)
Aperture
20 cm
wide-field, F/3 all-refractive
Sky Coverage
79%
of the current all-sky pass
The Instruments

The Three-Part Spectral Survey Machine

SPHEREx has a single wide-field telescope feeding six detector arrays covered by linear variable filters, so every point of sky is spectrally mapped in 102 bands as the spacecraft steps across it.

Wide-Field Telescope
Imager
A 20 cm F/3 all-refractive optical assembly feeding a 3.5 by 11.3 degree field of view. Passive cryogenic cooling holds the detectors and optics near 60 K without any active refrigeration, which is why the sun-synchronous orbit orientation matters so much.
Linear Variable Filters
Detector
Six mercury cadmium telluride detector arrays behind linear variable filters that ramp continuously across wavelength. As the spacecraft steps across a patch of sky, every point is spectrally sampled in all 102 bands from 0.75 to 5 micrometres.
Full-Sky Survey Strategy
Survey
Every 98-minute polar orbit, SPHEREx observes a strip of sky through all 102 bands. Over 6.5 months these strips tile the entire sphere; four such surveys build a 3D spectral map that catches every star, galaxy and time-variable source in the local universe.
Milestones

From Launch to Second Survey

11 Mar 2025
SPHEREx launched from Vandenberg alongside NASA's PUNCH sun-monitoring mission, reaching a sun-synchronous polar orbit within hours.
31 Mar 2025
First light
SPHEREx opened its telescope dust cover and captured its first spectral images, confirming the instrument was cooled to 60 K by passive radiation as designed.
27 Apr 2025
Science operations begin
SPHEREx entered its formal survey mode after commissioning, stepping across the sky through all 102 spectral bands for the first time.
27 Oct 2025
First all-sky survey complete
Every point on the sky was observed through all 102 near-infrared bands for the first time in space history. Preliminary catalogue released to the community.
Ongoing
Second all-sky survey
SPHEREx is now on its second full-sky pass, with a fourth planned by mission end in Q2 2027. Difference imaging between surveys catches transient events across the entire sky.
Q2 2027
Primary mission end
Four complete all-sky surveys wraps the two-year primary mission. Extended operations under consideration would push the coverage deeper for cosmological analyses.
The Science

What SPHEREx Has Started to Show

Only 18 months into a two-year primary survey, SPHEREx is already the first mission ever to deliver full-sky spectra in the near-infrared, opening up whole classes of science that were previously impossible.

2025
First all-sky spectral atlas
The 27 October 2025 milestone: for the first time in astronomy, every point on the sky has a near-infrared spectrum in 102 bands. The atlas is public and being used across the field.
2026
Ice inventory of the Milky Way
SPHEREx has mapped the distribution of water, methanol and carbon dioxide ices in dense molecular clouds, the sites where new solar systems assemble. First results show a much more complex chemistry than laboratory analogues predicted.
2026
Extragalactic light background
By measuring the diffuse near-infrared background between resolved galaxies, SPHEREx is measuring how much light the universe has ever produced. Early results tighten constraints on the total star-formation history.
Ongoing
Non-Gaussianity of the early universe
By comparing the spatial distribution of hundreds of millions of galaxies across four all-sky surveys, SPHEREx will test whether primordial density fluctuations were purely Gaussian, a direct probe of the inflationary epoch.
In Context

SPHEREx vs Hubble, JWST and WISE

SPHEREx is the only current all-sky spectral surveyor. Its cousins stare deep at small patches: SPHEREx maps everything at once.

TelescopeWavebandMirrorOrbitLaunched
SPHERExNear-IR spectral (102 bands)20 cm all-refractiveSun-sync LEO 650 kmMar 2025
JWSTInfrared6.5 m segmentedSun-Earth L2Dec 2021
HubbleOptical / UV2.4 m monolithicLEO 480 kmApr 1990
WISE (retired)Mid-IR (4 bands)40 cmSun-sync LEODec 2009
Long Form

Why SPHEREx Maps the Sky the Way It Does

Traditional space telescopes stare at one target at a time. JWST can spend a full day on a single distant galaxy. SPHEREx does the opposite: it sweeps 30 square degrees of sky every orbit, and across two years it covers every point in the sky through 102 near-infrared bands, then does it three more times. The result is not one deep image but a full 3D spectral map of every star, galaxy, and time-variable source in the local universe.

Why the sun-synchronous orbit matters

SPHEREx has no active refrigeration. Its detectors and optics are cooled to 60 K purely by radiating heat to deep space, using a nested set of photon shields that always face away from the Sun. That only works if the Sun angle never changes, which is exactly what a sun-synchronous orbit delivers: the orbit plane precesses around Earth once per year, matching Earth's motion around the Sun, so the Sun always sits in the same direction relative to the spacecraft.

Complementary to JWST

SPHEREx is designed to feed JWST. Its all-sky spectral catalogue identifies interesting objects (unusual ice mixtures, high-redshift galaxies, sudden brightenings) that JWST then follows up with much deeper spectroscopy. Together they cover the range from "survey the whole sky" to "spend a week on the most interesting spot".

What comes next

The primary mission ends in Q2 2027 after four complete all-sky surveys. An extended mission is under consideration and would push the survey deeper for cosmological analyses. In the longer term, ESA's planned wide-field NIR mission (Ariel-follow-on) targets the 2030s.

People Also Ask

SPHEREx, Frequently Asked

Where is SPHEREx right now?
SPHEREx orbits Earth on a sun-synchronous polar orbit at about 650 km altitude, completing one orbit every 98 minutes. It crosses the equator at the same local solar time on every pass, always keeping the same angle to the Sun. Its current position updates every 10 seconds on this page.
Is SPHEREx still operating in 2026?
Yes. SPHEREx is fully operational in September 2026, in its second year of surveying. It has completed one full all-sky survey and is now well into its second, with a primary mission targeting four all-sky surveys over two years.
When was SPHEREx launched?
SPHEREx was launched on 11 March 2025 aboard a SpaceX Falcon 9 from Vandenberg Space Force Base in California. It reached its final sun-synchronous polar orbit within hours and began commissioning shortly afterwards.
What is SPHEREx looking for?
SPHEREx is mapping the entire sky in 102 near-infrared spectral bands to answer three big questions: what physical process inflated the early universe (via cosmological non-Gaussianity), where and in what form water and biogenic ices exist in our own Galaxy, and how much light the universe has ever produced (via the extragalactic background).
What is SPHEREx's orbit?
SPHEREx flies a sun-synchronous polar orbit at about 650 km altitude, inclined 97.9 degrees to the equator. This keeps its solar panels permanently sunlit and its telescope end permanently shaded, essential for the passive cooling that keeps the instrument at 60 K. It also means SPHEREx crosses the equator at the same local solar time on every pass.
How many spectral bands does SPHEREx observe?
SPHEREx observes in 102 near-infrared spectral bands spanning 0.75 to 5 micrometres, more than any other space telescope currently operating. Each band is defined by a linear variable filter across the focal plane, so as the spacecraft steps across a patch of sky, every point is observed through every band in turn.
How is SPHEREx different from JWST?
JWST is a deep-staring telescope with a 6.5-metre mirror pointed at one small patch of sky at a time. SPHEREx is the opposite: a 20-cm wide-field spectrometer surveying the entire sky in 102 spectral bands. Together they are complementary: SPHEREx finds the targets and characterises them at survey depth; JWST follows up on the most interesting with deep high-resolution spectroscopy.
Can I see SPHEREx from Earth?
SPHEREx is small (about 500 kg) and orbits at 650 km altitude. Under a very dark sky with binoculars, it is near the visibility limit for a determined observer. Our Satellite Pass Predictions tool will show any visible passes over your location.
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