COSMOS 540

COSMOS 540 is an active satellite operated by OKB-10 (Russia (CIS)), launched on 1972-12-25 from Plesetsk Cosmodrome, Russia on the Strela-2M launch. After more than 54 years in orbit, it is one of the longest-surviving objects in the space catalogue. It orbits in Low Earth Orbit (LEO) at altitudes between 754 km and 779 km with an inclination of 74.1°. It travels at approximately 26,903 km/h (7.47 km/s), completing one full orbit every 100 minutes — that’s roughly 14.38 orbits per day. At its current altitude, the estimated orbital lifetime before atmospheric re-entry is ~25–100 years. Orbital Radar tracks COSMOS 540 in real time using the latest two-line element set (TLE) data, providing live position, altitude, speed and orbital path updated continuously.

COSMOS 540 orbits at an average altitude of 767 km in the mid-LEO band, where atmospheric drag is minimal but radiation exposure remains manageable. Objects at this altitude persist for decades to centuries, making debris mitigation critical. This regime is popular for remote sensing constellations and scientific instruments that need stable, long-duration orbits. Within ±50 km of COSMOS 540’s average altitude, there are currently 433 active payloads and 2,298 tracked debris or rocket body fragments — notable neighbours include ONEWEB-0455. With an inclination of 74.1°, COSMOS 540 passes over latitudes between 74.1°N and 74.1°S, covering most populated land masses in both hemispheres. This mid-inclination band balances global coverage with efficient launch energy requirements. Russia (CIS) operates approximately 1,553 active satellites in total, of which 68 share a similar altitude band with COSMOS 540.