CZ-3B R/B

CZ-3B R/B is a spent rocket body associated with China, launched on 2025-04-10 from Xichang Satellite Launch Center, China on the TJS 17 launch. As a relatively recent addition to the catalogue, its orbital elements are well-characterised. It orbits in Medium Earth Orbit (MEO) at altitudes between 148 km and 18,474 km with an inclination of 19.2°. It travels at approximately 18,150 km/h (5.04 km/s), completing one full orbit every 5 hours 26 minutes — that’s roughly 4.43 orbits per day. Its orbital eccentricity of 0.5843 gives it a noticeably elliptical path, with significant altitude variation between perigee and apogee. Spent rocket bodies like CZ-3B R/B are among the largest pieces of uncontrolled space debris and are priority targets for collision avoidance manoeuvres and future active debris removal efforts.

CZ-3B R/B orbits at an average altitude of 9,311 km in Medium Earth Orbit, the region between LEO and GEO (2,000–35,786 km). MEO’s higher altitude gives each satellite a much larger ground footprint than LEO, meaning fewer spacecraft are needed for global coverage — but signal latency is higher and radiation from the Van Allen belts is a significant design constraint. Within ±50 km of CZ-3B R/B’s average altitude, there are currently 0 active payloads and 10 tracked debris or rocket body fragments. This is a relatively sparse altitude band, containing less than 1% of all active satellites. With an inclination of 19.2°, CZ-3B R/B passes over latitudes between 19.2°N and 19.2°S, concentrating coverage over equatorial and near-equatorial regions. Low-inclination orbits maximise revisit rates over specific tropical zones. China operates approximately 1,320 active satellites in total.