COSMOS 678

COSMOS 678 is an active satellite operated by GUKOS RVSN (Russia (CIS)), launched on 1974-09-19 from Plesetsk Cosmodrome, Russia on the Strela-1M launch. After more than 52 years in orbit, it is one of the longest-surviving objects in the space catalogue. It orbits in Low Earth Orbit (LEO) at altitudes between 1,466 km and 1,532 km with an inclination of 74.0°. It travels at approximately 25,620 km/h (7.12 km/s), completing one full orbit every 116 minutes — that’s roughly 12.42 orbits per day. At its current altitude, the estimated orbital lifetime before atmospheric re-entry is thousands of years. Orbital Radar tracks COSMOS 678 in real time using the latest two-line element set (TLE) data, providing live position, altitude, speed and orbital path updated continuously.

COSMOS 678 orbits at an average altitude of 1,499 km in the uppermost reaches of Low Earth Orbit. At this altitude, orbital decay is effectively zero without active deorbiting, and coverage footprints are significantly larger than lower LEO, though at the cost of higher latency. Within ±50 km of COSMOS 678’s average altitude, there are currently 337 active payloads and 407 tracked debris or rocket body fragments. With an inclination of 74.0°, COSMOS 678 passes over latitudes between 74.0°N and 74.0°S, covering most populated land masses in both hemispheres. This mid-inclination band balances global coverage with efficient launch energy requirements. Russia (CIS) operates approximately 1,553 active satellites in total, of which 317 share a similar altitude band with COSMOS 678.