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ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter

ESA's ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter, at Mars since October 2016, measuring the planet's atmosphere in fine detail and relaying data from rovers on the surface.

ESA/ROSCOSMOS·Mars Orbit·Launched 14 March 2016·Active
—days —h —m —s in space
Distance from Earth
204.51 M km
1.36705 AU
Distance from Sun
239.76 M km
1.602712 AU
Speed
84,424 km/h
23.451 km/s
Signal Delay
11.4 min
one way

Sniffing Mars's Air

The ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter was built by ESA and Roscosmos to measure gases in Mars's atmosphere with extreme sensitivity, down to a few parts per trillion. It has not found the methane that earlier observations reported, setting very low limits on how much there can be, but it made the first detection of hydrogen chloride in the Martian atmosphere and has tracked how Mars loses its water.

Ten Years at Mars

TGO entered orbit on 19 October 2016, the day its Schiaparelli test lander was lost. After almost a year of aerobraking it began science in April 2018. Its CaSSIS camera has mapped more than a tenth of the surface in colour, and its radio relays data for NASA's Curiosity and Perseverance rovers. It is also planned to relay data for ESA's Rosalind Franklin rover.

Mission Timeline

14 March 2016
Launch on a Proton-M from Baikonur
19 October 2016
Enters orbit around Mars; the Schiaparelli lander is lost
March 2017
Aerobraking begins, using Mars's upper atmosphere to shrink its orbit
20 February 2018
Aerobraking complete
April 2018
Science observations begin
February 2021
First detection of hydrogen chloride in Mars's atmosphere reported
19 October 2026
Ten years in orbit around Mars

Key Data

MissionExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter
AgencyESA/ROSCOSMOS
StatusActive
TargetMars Orbit
Launch date14 March 2016

Questions people ask

The Trace Gas Orbiter is in orbit around Mars, 204.5 million km from Earth. Radio signals take 11 min 22 s to travel between the spacecraft and Earth.
No. Despite earlier reports from other missions, its very sensitive instruments have not detected methane in Mars's atmosphere, which sets tight limits on how much there can be. It did make the first detection of hydrogen chloride there.
Yes. It relays data for NASA's Curiosity and Perseverance rovers, and it is planned to be the relay for ESA's Rosalind Franklin rover, passing commands and data between Mars and Earth.

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