Seeing the Sun's Poles
Solar Orbiter is ESA's mission to study the Sun from inside Mercury's orbit, with a focus on the previously unobserved polar regions. Using Venus gravity assists to increase its orbital inclination, it will eventually achieve views exceeding 30° — crucial for understanding the Sun's magnetic cycle.
Surviving the Heat
At closest approach (0.28 AU), Solar Orbiter's heat shield endures temperatures up to 520°C. It carries 10 instruments — six remote-sensing imagers and four in-situ particle/field detectors.
Mission Timeline
2020-02-10
Launch on Atlas V
2022-03-26
First close perihelion at 0.32 AU
2023-10
Venus gravity assist to increase inclination