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🌞 Solar Orbiter

ESA's Sun-observing mission — studying the solar poles and inner heliosphere from inside Mercury's orbit.

🏢 ESA·🎯 Sun·📅 Launched 2020-02-10·⚡ Active
🕐 days h m s in space
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This 3D orbit view requires WebGL. The mission's live distance, speed and signal delay are shown in the panel above.

Seeing the Sun's Poles

Solar Orbiter is ESA's mission to study the Sun from inside Mercury's orbit, with a focus on the previously unobserved polar regions. Using Venus gravity assists to increase its orbital inclination, it will eventually achieve views exceeding 30° — crucial for understanding the Sun's magnetic cycle.

Surviving the Heat

At closest approach (0.28 AU), Solar Orbiter's heat shield endures temperatures up to 520°C. It carries 10 instruments — six remote-sensing imagers and four in-situ particle/field detectors.

Mission Timeline

2020-02-10
Launch on Atlas V
2022-03-26
First close perihelion at 0.32 AU
2023-10
Venus gravity assist to increase inclination

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