NGSS · Grades 9 to 12

High school: orbits and gravitation

Matched to HS-ESS1-4 (motion of orbiting objects, including human-made satellites), HS-PS2-4 (Newton's law of gravitation), HS-ESS1-1 (the Sun's life span and nuclear fusion) and HS-ETS1-1 (global engineering challenges).

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4classroom activities
4live tools
2printable worksheets
9 to 12grades

Curriculum links last reviewed November 2026.

4 classroom activities

Grades 9 to 12

Live Globe

Every tracked satellite in orbit, moving live.

HS-ESS1-4
Students will

predict the motion of human-made satellites with Newton's and Kepler's laws.

10-minute activity

Compare a satellite in low orbit with a GPS satellite. Use Kepler's third law to predict the GPS period from the low one, then check.

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Satellite directory

Orbit details for thousands of satellites: height, period and inclination.

HS-ESS1-4HS-PS2-4
Students will

test Kepler's third law (T squared is proportional to r cubed) on real satellites, and use Newton's law of gravitation to work out the strength of gravity at each height.

10-minute activity

Take five satellites at different heights. Plot period squared against orbit radius cubed (add 6,371 km to each height).

The Sun in 3D

A live 3D globe of our nearest star.

HS-ESS1-1
Students will

use a model to explain how energy from nuclear fusion in the Sun's core reaches Earth as radiation, and how long the Sun will last.

10-minute activity

Start with the globe, then discuss: where does the energy we see come from, and how long will it last?

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Orbital Radar. (2026, November 4). High school: orbits and gravitation. Retrieved November 4, 2026, from https://orbitalradar.com/schools/us/high

“High school: orbits and gravitation.” Orbital Radar, 4 Nov. 2026, orbitalradar.com/schools/us/high. Accessed 4 Nov. 2026.

Orbital Radar (2026) High school: orbits and gravitation. Available at: https://orbitalradar.com/schools/us/high (Accessed: 4 November 2026).

Orbital Radar. “High school: orbits and gravitation.” Last modified November 4, 2026. https://orbitalradar.com/schools/us/high.

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  year         = {2026},
  month        = nov,
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  url          = {https://orbitalradar.com/schools/us/high},
  urldate      = {2026-11-04},
  note         = {Accessed 2026-11-04}
}
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